Given a string S, print the minimum number of characters you have to remove from the string S to make it a good string. A good string is a string in which all the characters are distinct.

Input:
First line of input contains a string S, \((1 \le |S| \le 10^5)\). S consists of lowercase characters only.

Output:
Print an integer denoting the minimum number of characters you have to remove from S to make it a good string.